ESD Standards
The following list details several major electrostatic discharge (ESD) standards and reference documents in place worldwide.
ESD Association Standards
ANSI ESD S1.1:1998—Evaluation, acceptance, and functional testing of wrist straps.
ANSI ESD S4.1:1997—Work surfaces—Resistance measurements.
ANSI ESD S6.1:2005—Grounding—Recommended practice.
ANSI ESD S8.1:2001—ESD awareness symbols.
ANSI ESD S20.20:1999—Standard for the development of an ESD control program.
ANSI ESD STM2.1:1997—Resistance test method for electrostatic discharge protective garments.
ANSI ESD STM3.1:2000—Protection of electrostatic discharge susceptible items—Ionization.
ANSI ESD STM4.2:1998—Work surfaces—Charge dissipation characteristics.
ANSI ESD STM5.1:2001—Electrostatic discharge sensitivity testing—Human body model.
ANSI ESD STM5.2:1999—Electrostatic discharge sensitivity testing—Machine model.
ANSI ESD STM5.3.1:1999—Charged device model (CDM)—Component level.
ANSI ESD STM9.1:2001—Resistive characterization of footwear.
ANSI ESD STM11.11:2001—Surface resistance measurement of static dissipative planar materials; Reaffirmed: 2003.
ANSI ESD STM11.12:2000—Volume resistance measurement of static dissipative planar materials.
ANSI ESD STM11.31:2001—Evaluating the performance of electrostatic discharge shielding bags.
ANSI ESD STM12.1:1997—Seating—Resistive characterization.
ANSI ESD STM97.1:1999—Floor materials and footwear—Resistance in combination with a person.
ANSI ESD STM97.2:1999—Floor materials and footwear—Voltage measurement in combination with a person.
EOS/ESD ADV2.0:1994—Sensitivity testing of electrostatic discharge susceptible items handbook.
EOS/ESD S11.31:1994—Evaluating the performance of electrostatic discharge shielding materials—bags; Reaffirmed: 2001.
ESD S541:2003—Packaging materials for ESD sensitive items.
ESD SP3.3:2000—Periodic verification of air ionizers.
ESD SP9.2:2003—Foot grounders—Resistive characterization.
ESD SP10.1:2000—Automated handling equipment.
ESD STM7.1:2001—Floor materials—Resistive characterization of materials.
ESD STM13.1:2000—Electrical soldering and desoldering hand tools. ESD Association Advisory Documents
ESD ADV1.0:2004—Glossary of terms.
ESD ADV3.2:1995—Selection and acceptance of air ionizers.
ESD ADV11.2:1995—Triboelectric charge accumulation testing.
ESD ADV53.1:1995—ESD protective workstations.
ESD Association Technical Reports
ESD TR 01:1999—Can static electricity be measured?
ESD TR 02:1999—High-resistance ohmmeters—Voltage measurements.
ESD TR 03:1999—Glove and finger cots.
ESD TR 04:1999—EOS safe soldering iron requirements.
ESD TR 06:2000—Static electricity hazards of triboelectrically charged garments.
ESD TR 07:2000—Calculation of uncertainty associated with measurement of electrostatic discharge (ESD) current.
ESD TR 08:2000—Socket device model (SDM) tester.
ESD TR 09:2000—Transient-induced latch-up (TLU).
ESD TR 10-01—Machine model (MM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) investigation—Reduction in pulse number and delay time.
ESD TR 11-04—Electrostatic guidelines and considerations for cleanrooms and clean manufacturing.
ESD TR 12-01—Survey of constant (continuous) monitors for wrist straps.
ESD TR 13-02—Alternate techniques for measuring ionizer offset voltage and discharge time.
ESD TR 14-02—Measurement and ESD control issues for automated equipment handling of ESD sensitive devices below 100 V.
ESD TR 15-02—Survey of static control work surfaces and grounding mechanisms.
ESD TR 16-03—Voltage and energy susceptible device concepts, including latency considerations.
ESD TR 20.20—ESD handbook.
Other Standards
AATCC 134:2001—Electrostatic propensity of carpets.
AFLCR 65-8:1998—Maintenance—Engineering and supply: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control program.
ANSI C37.06:2000—American national standard for switchgear—Ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis—Preferred ratings and related required capabilities.
ANSI C37.06.1:2000—American national standard trial-use guide for high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis—Designated “Definite purpose for fast transient recovery voltage rise times.”
ANSI C37.16:2000—American national standard for switchgear—Low-voltage power circuit breakers and ac power circuit protectors—Preferred ratings, related requirements, and application recommendations.
ANSI C37.17:1997—American national standard for trip devices for ac and general-purpose dc low-voltage power circuit breakers.
ANSI C37.22:1997—American national standard preferred ratings and related required capabilities for indoor ac medium-voltage switches used in metal-enclosed switchgear.
ANSI C63.14:1998—American national standard dictionary for technologies of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and electrostatic discharge (ESD)—Dictionary of EMC/EMP/ESD terms and definitions.
ANSI C63.16:1993—American national standard guide for electrostatic discharge test methodologies and criteria for electronic equipment.
ANSI T1.308:1996—Central office equipment—Electrostatic discharge immunity requirements; Reaffirmed: 2002.
ASTM D257:1999—Standard test methods for dc resistance or conductance of insulating materials; Reapproved: 2005.
ASTM D991:1989—Standard test method for rubber properties—Volume resistivity of electrically conductive and antistatic products; Reapproved: 2005.
ASTM D2679:1995—Standard test method for electrostatic charge; Reapproved: 2005.
ASTM D5077:1990—Standard terminology relating to ESD packaging materials; Reapproved: 2003.
ASTM E1549:1993—Standard specification for ESD-controlled garments required in cleanrooms and controlled environments for spacecraft for nonhazardous and hazardous operations.
ASTM E2042:2004—Standard practice for cleaning and maintaining controlled areas and cleanrooms.
ASTM F150:1998—Standard test method for electrical resistance of conductive and static dissipative resilient flooring.
ASTM F1812:2002—Standard test method for determining the effectiveness of membrane switch ESD shielding.
BS 6654:1985—Method for determination of the electrical resistivity of textile floor coverings; Reaffirmed: 1996.
BS EN 1149-1:1996—Protective clothing—Electrostatic properties—Surface resistivity (test methods and requirements).
BS EN 1149-2:1997—Protective clothing—Electrostatic properties—Test method for measurement of the electrical resistance through a material (vertical resistance).
BS EN 1718:1999—Light conveyor belts—Test method for the measurement of the electrostatic field generated by a running light conveyor belt.
CECC 00015P1:1991—Basic specification for protection of electrostatic sensitive devices.
DI-RELI-80669A:1992—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control program plan.
DI-RELI-80671A:1992—Handling procedures for electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive items.
EIA 471:1980—Symbol and label for electrostatic sensitive devices; Reaffirmed: 1996.
EIA 541:1988—Packaging material standards for ESD sensitive items.
EIA 545:1989—Electromechanical switch test method for electrostatic discharge (ESD).
EIA 625:2000—Handling electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS) devices.
EN 61340-5-1:2001—Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—General requirements; Corrigendum: 2003.
EN 61340-5-2:2001—Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—User guide.
EOS/ESD EP102:1989—Electrostatic discharge and electronic equipment: A practical guide for designing to prevent ESD problems.
EOS/ESD EP103:1990—ESD program management: A realistic approach to continuous, measurable improvement in static control.
EOS/ESD EP105:1995—ESD in silicon integrated circuits.
FTS 101C 4046—Electrostatic properties of materials.
IDEMA ESD1-00—MR and GMR heads—General practices for ESD control.
IEC 60255-22-2, Ed. 2.0, 1997—Electrical relays—Part 22: Electrical disturbance tests for measuring relays and protection equipment—Section 2: Electrostatic discharge tests.
IEC 60297-5-103:2001—Plug-in unit electrostatic discharge protection for subtracks and associated plug-in units with extended features added to IEC 60297-3 and IEC 60297-4.
IEC 60455-3-11:1988—Solventless polymerizable resinous compounds used for electrical insulation—Specification for individual materials—Epoxy resin–based coating powders.
IEC 60748-2-8:1993—Specification for harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components—Semiconductor devices—Integrated circuits—Blank detail specification: integrated circuit static read/write memories.
IEC 60801-2:1991—Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment—Electrostatic discharge requirements.
IEC 61000-4-2:1995—Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques—Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test; Amendment 2:2001.
IEC 61340-2-2:2000—Electrostatics—Part 2-2: Measurement methods—Measurement of chargeability.
IEC 61340-2-3:2000—Electrostatics—Part 2-3: Methods of test for determining the resistance and resistivity of solid planar materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation.
IEC 61340-3-1:2002—Electrostatics—Part 3-1: Methods for simulation of electrostatic effects—Human body model (HBM)—Component testing (IEC/101/33/CD).
IEC 61340-3-2:2002—Electrostatics—Part 3-2: Methods for simulation of electrostatic effects—Machine model (MM)—Component testing (IEC/101/34/CD).
IEC 61340-4-1:2003—Electrostatics—Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications—Section 1: Electrostatic behavior of floor coverings and installed floors.
IEC 61340-4-3:2001—Test method for the characterization of electrostatic protective footwear (IEC document 101/62/CD).
IEC 61340-5-1:1998—Electrostatics—Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—General requirements.
IEC/PAS 62162:2000—Field-induced charged-device model test method for electrostatic discharge withstand thresholds of microelectronic components.
IEC/PAS 62179:2000—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing human body model (HBM).
IEC/PAS 62180:2000—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing machine model (MM).
IEC/TS 61340-5-2:1999—Electrostatics—Part 5-2: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—User guide.
IEEE 142:1991—IEEE Green Book (IEEE recommended practice for grounding of industrial and commercial power systems); Corrected page: 1996.
IEEE 1291:1993—IEEE guide for partial discharge measurement in power switchgear; Reaffirmed: 2005.
IEEE 1325:1996—IEEE recommended practice for reporting field failure data for power circuit breakers; Reaffirmed: 2002.
IEEE C37.04:1999—IEEE standard rating structure for ac high-voltage circuit breakers; Errata: 2005.
IEEE C37.010:1999—IEEE application guide for ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis; Reaffirmed: 2005.
IEEE C37.011:2005—IEEE application guide for transient recovery voltage for ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis.
IEEE C37.013:1997—IEEE standard for ac high-voltage generator circuit breaker rated on a symmetrical current basis.
IEEE C37.081:1981—IEEE guide for synthetic fault testing of ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis; Reaffirmed: 1988.
IEEE C37.09:1999—IEEE standard test procedure for ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis; Amendment 1:2005.
IEEE C37.10:1995—IEEE guide for diagnostics and failure investigation of power circuit breakers; Reaffirmed: 2002.
IEEE C37.11:1997—IEEE standard requirements for electrical control for high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis; Reaffirmed: 2003.
IEEE C37.13:1990—IEEE standard for low-voltage ac power circuit breakers used in enclosures; Reaffirmed: 1995.
IEEE C37.14:2002—IEEE standard for low-voltage dc power circuit breakers used in enclosures.
IEEE C37.18:1997—IEEE standard for enclosed field discharge circuit breakers for rotating electric machinery; Reaffirmed: 2003.
IEEE C37.20.1:2002—IEEE standard for metal-enclosed low-voltage power circuit breaker switchgear; Amendment 1:2005.
IEEE C37.20.2:1999—IEEE standard for metal-clad and station-type cubicle switchgear; Reaffirmed: 2005.
IEEE C37.20.3:2001—IEEE standard for metal-enclosed interrupter switchgear.
IEEE C37.20.4:2001—IEEE trial-use standard for indoor ac medium-voltage switches for use in metal-enclosed switchgear.
IEEE C37.20.6:1997—IEEE standard for 4.76 to 38 kV rated grounding and testing devices used in enclosures; Reapproved: 2003.
IEEE C37.21:2005—IEEE standard for control switchboards.
IEEE C62.11:1999—IEEE standard for metal-oxide surge arresters for ac power circuits (>1 kV).
IEEE C62.22:1997—IEEE guide for the application of metal-oxide surge arresters for alternating-current systems.
IEEE C62.23:1995—IEEE standard draft application guide for surge protection of electric generating plants; Reaffirmed: 2001.
IEEE C62.31:1987—IEEE standard test specifications for gas-tube surge-protective devices; Reaffirmed: 1998.
IEEE C62.32:2004—IEEE standard test specifications for low-voltage air gap surge protective devices (excluding valve and expulsion type devices).
IEEE C62.33:1982—IEEE standard test specifications for varistor surge-protective devices; Reaffirmed: 2000.
IEEE C62.34:1996—IEEE standard for performance of low-voltage surge-protective devices (secondary arresters); Reaffirmed: 2001.
IEEE C62.35:1987—IEEE standard test specifications for avalanche junction semiconductor surge-protective devices; Reaffirmed: 2000.
IEEE C62.36:2000—IEEE standard test methods for surge protectors used in low-voltage data, communications, and signaling circuits.
IEEE C62.37:1996—IEEE standard test specification for thyristor diode surge-protective devices; Reaffirmed: 2002.
IEEE C62.38:1994—IEEE guide on electrostatic discharge (ESD)—ESD withstand capability evaluation methods (for electronic equipment subassemblies).
IEEE C62.41:1991 (1995)—IEEE recommended practice on surge voltages in low-voltage ac power circuits.
IEEE C62.42:1992 Draft (1999)—IEEE guide for the application of gas tube and air gap arrester low-voltage (equal to or less than 1000 V rms or 1200 V dc) surge-protective devices.
IEEE C62.43:2005—IEEE guide for the application of surge protectors used in low-voltage (equal to or less than 1000 V rms or 1200 V dc) data, communications, and signaling circuits.
IEEE C62.47:1992—IEEE guide on ESD—Characterization of the ESD environment; Reaffirmed: 1997.
IEEE C62.48:1995 (R2000)—IEEE guide on interactions between power system disturbances and surge-protective devices.
IEEE C62.62:2000—IEEE standard test specifications for surge-protective devices for low-voltage ac power circuits.
IEEE C62.64:1997—IEEE standard specifications for surge protectors used in low-voltage data, communications, and signaling.
IEEE C62.92.1:2000—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility systems—Part 1: Introduction; Reaffirmed: 2005.
IEEE C62.92.2:1989—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility systems—Part 2: Grounding of synchronous generator systems; Reaffirmed: 2005.
IEEE C62.92.3:1993—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility systems—Part 3: Generator auxiliary systems; Reaffirmed: 2005.
IEEE C62.92.4:1991—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electric utility systems—Part 4: Distribution; Reaffirmed: 2002.
ISO/DIS 10605:2000—Road vehicles—Test methods for electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge.
ISO/TR 10605:1994—Road vehicles—Electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge.
JESD 22-A114D:2006—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing human body model (HBM).
JESD 22-A115A:1997—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing machine model (MM).
JESD 22-C101C:2004—Field-induced charged-device model test method for ESD withstand thresholds of microelectronic components.
MIL-B-81705D:1998—Barrier materials, flexible, electrostatic protective, heat sealable.
MIL-PRF-87893B:1997—Workstation—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control.
MIL-STD-883F:2004—Electrostatic discharge sensitivity classification.
MIL-STD-1686C:1995—Electrostatic dischargecontrol program for protection of electrical and electronic parts, assemblies, and equipment (excluding electrically initiated explosive devices).
QPL-87893-1:1995—Workstation electrostatic discharge (ESD) control.
RAC SOAR 6:1986—ESD control in the manufacturing environment.
SEMI E78-0998—Electrostatic compatibility—Guide to assess and control electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electrostatic attraction (ESA) for equipment.
SEMI E043-0301—Guide for measuring charge on objects and surfaces.
Telcordia GR-1421-CORE:1995—Generic requirements for ESD-protective circuit packet containers.
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