ANSI ESD STM2.1:1997—Resistance test method for electrostatic discharge protective garments.

ANSI ESD STM3.1:2000—Ionization.

ANSI ESD SP3.3:2000—Periodic verification of air
ionizers.

ANSI ESD S4.1:1997—Worksurfaces—Resistance measurements.

ANSI ESD STM4.2:1998—Worksurfaces—Charge dissipation characteristics.

ESD STM5.1:2001—Electrostatic discharge sensitivity testing—Human body model.

ANSI ESD STM5.2:1999—Electrostatic discharge sensitivity testing—Machine model.

ANSI ESD STM5.3.1:1999—Charged device model (CDM)—Component level.

ESD S6.1:1999—Grounding—Recommended practice.

ESD STM7.1:2001—Floor materials—Resistive characterization of materials.

ANSI EOS/ESD S8.1:1993—ESD awareness symbols.

ANSI ESD STM9.1:2001—Resistive characterization of footwear.

ESD SP10.1:2000—Automated handling equipment.

ESD STM11.11:2001—Surface resistance measurement of static dissipative planar materials.

ANSI ESD S11.31:2001—Evaluating the performance of electrostatic discharge shielding bags.

ANSI ESD STM12.1:1997—Seating—resistive characterization.

ESD STM13.1:2000—Electrical soldering/desoldering hand tools.

ANSI ESD S20.20:1999—Standard for the development of an ESD control program.

ANSI ESD STM97.2:1999—Floor materials and footwear—Voltage measurement in combination with a person.

ESD Association Advisory Documents

ESD ADV1.0:1994—Glossary of terms.

ESD ADV3.2:1995—Selection and acceptance of air ionizers.

ESD ADV11.2:1995—Triboelectric charge accumulation testing.

ESD ADV53.1:1995—ESD protective workstations.

ESD Association Technical Reports

ESD TR 01:1999—Can static electricity be measured?

ESD TR 02:1999—High resistance ohmmeters—Voltage measurements.

ESD TR 03:1999—Glove and finger cots.

ESD TR 04:1999—EOS safe soldering iron requirements.

ESD TR 05:2000—Consideration for developing ESD garment specifications.

ESD TR 06:2000—Static electricity hazards of triboelectrically charged garments.

ESD TR 07:2000—Calculation of uncertainty associated with measurement of electrostatic discharge (ESD) current.

ESD TR 08:2000—Socket device model (SDM) tester.

ESD TR 09:2000—Transient-induced latch-up (TLU).

ESD TR 10-01—Machine model (MM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) investigation—Reduction in pulse number and delay time.

ESD TR 11-01—Electrostatic guidelines and considerations for cleanrooms and clean manufacturing.

ESD TR 12-01—Survey of constant (continuous) monitors for wrist straps.

ESD TR 20.20—ESD handbook.

Other Standards

AATCC 134:1996—Electrostatic propensity of carpets.

AFLCR 65-8:1998—Maintenance—Engineering and supply: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control program.

ANSI C37.06:1997—American national standard for switchgear—Ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis—Preferred ratings and related required capabilities.

ANSI C37.06.1:1997—American national standard trial-use guide for high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis—Designated "Definite purpose for fast transient recovery voltage rise times."

ANSI C37.16:1997—American national standard for switchgear—Low-voltage power circuit breakers and ac power circuit protectors—Preferred ratings, related requirements, and application recommendations.

ANSI C37.17:1997—American national standard for trip devices for ac and general-purpose dc low-voltage power circuit breakers.

ANSI C37.22:1997—American national standard preferred ratings and related required capabilities for indoor ac medium-voltage switches used in metal-enclosed switchgear.

ANSI C63.16:1993—American national standard guide for electrostatic discharge test methodologies and criteria for electronic equipment.

ANSI T1.308:1996—Central office equipment—Electrostatic discharge immunity requirements.

ANSI/EIA 541—Packaging of electronic products for shipment.

ANSI/NFPA 70:1987—National electric code.

ASQ P672:1996—Auditing ESD and cleanroom processes.

ASTM D257-78—Standard test methods for dc resistance or conductance of insulating materials.

ASTM D991-83—Standard test method for rubber properties—Volume resistivity of electrically conductive and antistatic products.

ASTM D2679—Standard test method for electrostatic charge.

ASTM D5077-90:1997—Standard terminology relating to electrostatic discharge (ESD) packaging materials.

ASTM E2042-99—Standard practice for cleaning and maintaining controlled areas and cleanrooms.

ASTM F150-98—Standard test method for electrical resistance of conductive and static dissipative resilient flooring.

ASTM F1812-97a—Standard test method for determining the effectiveness of membrane switch ESD shielding.

Bellcore GR-1421-CORE:1995—Generic requirements for ESD-protective circuit packet containers.

BS 6654:1985—Method for determination of the electrical resistivity of textile floor coverings.

BS EN 1149-1:1996—Protective clothing—Electrostatic properties—Surface resistivity (test methods and requirements).

BS EN 1149-2:1997—Protective clothing—Electrostatic properties—Test method for measurement of the electrical resistance through a material (vertical resistance).

CECC 00015—Basic inspection for protection of electrostatic sensitive devices.

DI-ATTS-80285B:1997—Engineering support data (ESD).

DI-RELI-80669:1992—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control program flag.

DI-RELI-80671:1992—Handling procedures for electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive items.

EIA 471:1980—Symbol and label for electrostatic sensitive devices.

EIA 541:1988—Packaging material standards for ESD-sensitive items.

EIA 541:1990—Packaging of electronic products for shipment.

EIA 545:1989—Electromechanical switch test method for electrostatic discharge (ESD).

EIA 625—Handling electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS) devices.

EIA-JEP 108—Distributor requirements for handling electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS) devices.

EN 61340-5-1—Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—General requirements.

EN 61340-5-2—Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—User guide.

prEN 50348:2000—Automatic electrostatic spraying equipment for nonflammable liquid spraying material.

EOS/ESD EP102:1988—Electrostatic discharge and electronic equipment: A practical guide for designing to prevent ESD problems.

EOS/ESD EP103:1990—ESD program management: A realistic approach to continuous, measurable improvement in static control.

EOS/ESD EP105:1995—ESD in silicon integrated circuits.

IDEMA ESD1-00—MR and GMR heads—General practices for ESD control.

IEC 60236:1974—Methods for the designation of electrostatic deflecting electrodes of cathode-ray tubes.

IEC 60255-22-2:1996—Electrical relays—Part 22: Electrical disturbance tests for measuring relays and protection equipment—Section 2: Electrostatic discharge tests.

IEC 60297-5-103:2001—Mechanical structures for electronic equipment—Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in.) series—Part 5-103: Subracks and associated plug-in units—Electrostatic discharge protection.

IEC 60455-3-11:1988—Solventless polymerizable resinous compounds used for electrical insulation—Specification for individual materials—Epoxy resin-based coating powders.

IEC 60748-2-8:1993—Specification for harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components—Semiconductor devices—Integrated circuits—Blank detail specification: integrated circuit static read/write memories.

IEC 60801-2:1991—Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment—Electrostatic discharge requirements.

IEC 61000-4-2:1995—Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques—Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test.

IEC 61000-4-2:1999—Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques—Electrostatic discharge immunity test.

IEC 61087:1991—Guide for evaluating the discharges from a charged surface.

IEC 61340-1:1998—Electrostatics—Part 1: Guide to the principles of electrostatic phenomena (IEC/101/35/CD).

IEC 61340-2-2 TR3:2000—Electrostatics—Part 2-2: Measurement methods—Measurement of chargeability.

IEC 61340-2-3:2000—Electrostatics—Part 2-3: Methods of test for determining the resistance and resistivity of solid planar materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation.

IEC 61340-3-1:1998—Electrostatics—Part 3-1: Methods for simulation of electrostatic effects—Human body model (HBM)—Component testing (IEC/101/33/CD).

IEC 61340-3-2:1998—Electrostatics—Part 3-2: Methods for simulation of electrostatic effects—Machine model (MM)—Component testing (IEC/101/34/CD).

IEC 61340-4-3:1999—Test method for the characterization of electrostatic protective footwear (IEC document 101/62/CD).

IEC 61340-5-1 TR2:1998—Electrostatics—Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—General requirements.

IEC 61340-5-2 TR2:1999—Electrostatics—Part 5-2: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena—User guide.

IEC/PAS 62162:2000—Field-induced charged-device model test method for electrostatic discharge withstand thresholds of microelectronic components.

IEC/PAS 62179:2000—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing human body model (HBM).

IEC/PAS 62180:2000—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing machine model (MM).

IEEE 120:1989 (R1997)—IEEE master test guide for electrical measurements in power circuits.

IEEE 142:1982—IEEE Green Book (IEEE recommended practice for grounding of industrial and commercial power systems).

IEEE 1291:1993—IEEE guide for partial discharge measurement in power switchgear.

IEEE 1299/C62.22.1:1996—IEEE guide for the connection of surge arresters to protect insulated shielded electric power cable systems.

IEEE 1325:1996—IEEE recommended practice for reporting field failure data for power circuit breakers.

IEEE C37.010:1999—IEEE application guide for ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis.

IEEE C37.011:1994—IEEE application guide for transient recovery voltage for ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis.

IEEE C37.012:1979 (R2000)—IEEE application guide for capacitance current switching for ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis.

IEEE C37.013:1997—IEEE standard for ac high-voltage generator circuit breaker rated on a symmetrical current basis.

IEEE C37.015:1993 (R2000)—IEEE application guide for shunt reactor switching.

IEEE C37.04:1999—IEEE standard rating structure for ac high-voltage circuit breakers.

IEEE C37.081:1981 (R1988)—IEEE guide for synthetic fault testing of ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis; Supplement 081a:1997 to IEEE C37.081:1981.

IEEE C37.082:1982 (R2000)—IEEE standard methods for the measurement of sound pressure levels of ac power circuit breakers.

IEEE C37.09:1999—IEEE standard test procedure for ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis.

IEEE C37.18:1979 (R1996)—IEEE standard for enclosed field discharge circuit breakers for rotating electric machinery.

IEEE C37.20.1:1993 (R1998)—IEEE standard for metal-enclosed low-voltage power circuit breaker switchgear.

IEEE C37.20.2:1993—IEEE standard for metal-clad and station-type cubicle switchgear; Supplement 2b:1994 to IEEE C37.20.2:1993.

IEEE C37.20.3:1987 (R1992)—IEEE standard for metal-enclosed interrupter switchgear.

IEEE C37.20.4:1996—IEEE trial-use standard for indoor ac medium-voltage switches for use in metal-enclosed switchgear.

IEEE C37.20.6:1997—IEEE standard for 4.76 to 38 kV rated grounding and testing devices used in enclosures.

IEEE C37.21:1985 (R1991)—IEEE standard for control switchboards.

IEEE C37.23:1987 (R1991)—IEEE standard for metal-enclosed bus and calculating losses in isolated-phase bus.

IEEE C62.11:1999—IEEE standard for metal-oxide surge arresters for ac power circuits (>1 kV).

IEEE C62.22:1997—IEEE guide for the application of metal-oxide surge arresters for alternating-current systems.

IEEE C62.23:1995—IEEE standard draft application guide for surge protection of electric generating plants.

IEEE C62.31:1987 (R1998)—IEEE standard test specifications for gas-tube surge-protective devices.

IEEE C62.32:1981 (R1997)—IEEE standard test specifications for low-voltage air gap surge protective devices (excluding valve and expulsion type devices).

IEEE C62.33:1982 (R2000)—IEEE standard test specifications for varistor surge-protective devices.

IEEE C62.34:1996—IEEE standard for performance of low-voltage surge-protective devices (secondary arresters).

IEEE C62.35:1987 (R2000)—IEEE standard test specifications for avalanche junction semiconductor surge-protective devices.

IEEE C62.36:2000—IEEE standard test methods for surge protectors used in low-voltage data, communications, and signaling circuits.

IEEE C62.37:1996—IEEE standard test specification for thyristor diode surge protective devices.

IEEE C62.38:1994 (R1999)—IEEE guide on electrostatic discharge (ESD)—ESD withstand capability evaluation methods (for electronic equipment subassemblies).

IEEE C62.41:1991 (R1995)—IEEE recommended practice on surge voltages in low-voltage ac power circuits.

IEEE C62.45:1992 (R1997)—IEEE guide on surge testing for equipment connected to low-voltage ac power circuits.

IEEE C62.47:1992—IEEE guide on electrostatic discharge (ESD)—Characterization of the ESD environment.

IEEE C62.48:1995 (R2000)—IEEE guide on interactions between power system disturbances and surge-protective devices.

IEEE C62.62:2000—IEEE standard test specifications for surge-protective devices for low-
voltage ac power circuits.

IEEE C62.64:1997—IEEE standard specifications for surge protectors used in low-voltage data, communications, and signaling.

IEEE C62.92.1:1987 (R1993)—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility systems—Part 1: Introduction.

IEEE C62.92.2:1989 (R1993)—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility systems—Part 2: Grounding of synchronous generator systems.

IEEE C62.92.4:1991—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electric utility systems—Part 4: Distribution.

IEEE C62.92.5:1992 (R1997)—IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electric utility systems—Part 5: Transmission systems and subtransmission systems.

ISO/DIS 10605:2000—Road vehicles—Test methods for electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge.

ISO/TR 10605:1994—Road vehicles—Electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge.

JESD 22-A114-B:2000—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing human body model (HBM).

JESD 22-A115-A:1997—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity testing machine model (MM).

JESD 22-C101-A:2000—Field-induced charged-device model test method for electrostatic discharge withstand thresholds of microelectronic components.

MIL-B-81705C—Barrier materials, flexible, electrostatic protective, heat sealable.

MIL-PRF-87893B:1997—Workstation—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control.

MIL-STD-454—General requirements for electronic equipment.

MIL-STD 883D—Electrostatic discharge sensitivity classification.

MIL-STD-1686A:1988—Electrostatic discharge control program for protection of electrical and electronic parts, assemblies and equipment (excluding electrically initiated explosive devices).

QPL-87893-1:1995—Workstation electrostatic discharge (ESD) control.

RAC SOAR 6:1986—ESD control in the manufacturing environment.

SAE J551/15:1995—Vehicle electromagnetic immunity—Electrostatic discharge (ESD).

SEMI E78-0998—Electrostatic compatibility—Guide to assess and control electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electrostatic attraction (ESA) for equipment.

SEMI E043-0301—Guide for measuring charge on objects and surfaces.

UL 1449:1996—Transient voltage surge suppressors.

For more information on standards-related activity in the field of electrostatic discharge—as well as an introduction to static electricity and the basics of ESD—please visit the ESD Association at http://www.esda.org, or e-mail the association at info@esda.org.